Haplogroups of Italy

Using a variety of sources (cited below), I have compiled an estimate of Y-DNA haplogroup frequencies in Italy. Because the sources examined different haplogroups (often with a variety of nomenclature systems) in different geographies within Italy, some extrapolation and adjustments were necessary.

Still, I think having these estimates compiled in one location will be useful to the participants in the Italy DNA Project. For reference, I have compiled the observed frequency of each haplogroup for our project's current participants.

Haplogroup	Estimated Frequency of Haplogroups in Italian Population	Calculated Frequency of Haplogroups in Italy DNA Project
E3b1	12%	14.5%
E3b3	3%	0%
G2	6%	7.5%
I1a	2%	5.0%
I1b	1%	12.0%
I1c	2%	0%
J1	2%	2.5%
J2	25%	31.5%
K	3%	0%
L	1%	2.5%
Q3	1%	0%
R1a1	2%	2.5%
R1b	40%	22.0%

F. Cruciani et al., "Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa", American Journal of Human Genetics, 74(5): 1014-1022.

F. Di Giacomo et al., "Clinal patterns of human Y chromosomal diversity in continental Italy and Greece are dominated by drift and founder effects." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28(3): 387-395.

M. Pericic et al., "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations", Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2005 Oct;22(10):1964-75.

S. Rootsi et al., "Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup I reveals distinct domains of prehistoric gene flow in europe", American Journal of Human Genetics 75(1): 128-37.

Z. Rosser et al., "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Europe Is Clinal and Influenced Primarily by Geography, Rather than by Language", American Journal of Human Genetics, 67(6): 1526-1543.

O. Semino et al., "The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: a Y chromosome perspective", Science, 290(5494): 1155-1159.

O. Semino et al., "Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area", American Journal of Human Genetics, 74(5): 1023-0134.